Solana Outshines Ethereum

Why Solana Outshines Ethereum: Best Blockchain for 2025 ?

Discover why Solana Outshines Ethereum, including speed, low costs, scalability, and its innovative Proof of History technology.

Table of Contents

Part 1: Why Compare Solana vs Ethereum in 2025?

In 2025, the battle between blockchain giants has taken center stage: Solana vs Ethereum. While Ethereum has long held the crown as the go-to smart contract platform, Solana’s lightning-fast performance and low fees have made it the rising star of the decentralized economy. The debate isn’t just technical anymore — it’s financial, institutional, and cultural.

“Solana is becoming a serious Ethereum competitor, especially for applications that demand high throughput,” says Anatoly Yakovenko, Solana co-founder.

As crypto adoption increases across sectors like DeFi, NFTs, gaming, and enterprise, choosing the right blockchain matters more than ever. Ethereum has scale and legacy — but Solana’s speed and cost-efficiency are luring developers, investors, and brands in droves.

This comparison dives deep into:

  • Real-world performance data
  • Developer adoption trends
  • Fee structures and user experience
  • Community growth and institutional interest

The blockchain ecosystem is no longer a one-chain game — and in this evolving space, Why Solana Outshines Ethereum is the key question driving both innovation and investment.


🔹 Part 2: Speed and Scalability – Solana’s Real-Time Edge

When it comes to blockchain performance, speed and scalability are non-negotiable in 2025. This is where Solana outshines Ethereum — and not just by a small margin.

🚀 Transaction Speed: Solana’s TPS vs Ethereum

Solana boasts a theoretical throughput of 65,000 transactions per second (TPS), while Ethereum, even post-merge and Layer-2 adoption, struggles with 30 TPS on Layer 1, and around 2,000–4,000 TPS with Layer-2 rollups.

BlockchainLayerTransactions Per Second (TPS)Average Block Time
SolanaL1~65,000~0.4 seconds
EthereumL1~30~12–14 seconds
EthereumL2 (Arbitrum/Optimism)~2,000–4,000~2–3 seconds

“Solana is designed for mass adoption from day one. It’s not just fast — it’s built for global scale,” said Raj Gokal, Solana Labs Co-Founder.

🌐 Scalability Without Sharding

Unlike Ethereum 2.0’s sharding roadmap, Solana uses Proof of History (PoH) — a unique consensus mechanism that allows it to scale without breaking up the chain. This leads to a seamless developer and user experience, without requiring multiple chains or bridges.

⚙️ Developer Experience and UX Impact

Faster block times mean snappier dApps, smoother NFT minting, and real-time DeFi executions — ideal for high-frequency environments like gaming and finance.

Key Use Cases Where Speed Matters:

  • NFT launches with high concurrency
  • Real-time DeFi trading
  • Web3 gaming and in-app asset transfers

According to a 2025 report by Messari, “Solana’s transaction speed is 10x better for time-sensitive use cases like decentralized gaming and microfinance lending.”


🔹 Part 3: Cost Efficiency – Gas Fees Showdown

As more users and developers enter the blockchain space in 2025, transaction costs have become a critical decision factor. Here, Solana clearly outpaces Ethereum in terms of affordability and predictability of fees.

💰 Ethereum’s Gas Fees: Still a Pain Point

Despite Ethereum’s transition to Proof of Stake and the rise of Layer-2 solutions, users still face:

  • High gas fees on the Ethereum mainnet (ranging from $2 to $100+ depending on congestion).
  • Unpredictable spikes, especially during NFT drops or DeFi events.
  • Complexity in fee calculation (Base fee + Priority tip).

According to YCharts (2025), “Ethereum’s average mainnet gas fee remains above $8 during peak usage hours.”

🟢 Solana’s Cost Advantage

Solana’s fees are ultra-low and consistent — typically less than $0.0025 per transaction, even during periods of high activity. This cost efficiency makes Solana ideal for microtransactions, NFT trading, gaming, and DeFi protocols that demand high frequency, low-cost interactions.

🧾 Ethereum vs. Solana: Gas Fee Comparison (2025)

Here is a side-by-side comparison of average transaction costs for common blockchain activities:

ActivityEthereum (Mainnet Avg. Fee)Ethereum (L2 Avg. Fee)Solana Avg. Fee
Basic Token Transfer$3 – $10$0.20 – $0.50$0.00025
NFT Minting$15 – $60+$0.50 – $2.00$0.001 – $0.003
Swap on DEX$10 – $40$0.30 – $1.00$0.0015

🎮 Real-World Impacts

  • GameFi projects are favoring Solana to keep costs manageable.
  • NFT platforms like Magic Eden thrive on Solana thanks to low minting fees.
  • Emerging markets (Africa, South America, SEA) see Solana as a better fit due to microtransaction-friendly costs.

“Ethereum remains cost-prohibitive for global scalability. Solana brings blockchain to the masses,” says Anatoly Yakovenko, Solana Co-founder.



🔹 Part 4: Developer Ecosystem – Building on Solana vs Ethereum

The strength of any blockchain lies in the vibrancy and tools available in its developer ecosystem. In 2025, both Solana and Ethereum boast large communities, but they cater to very different types of developers.

💡 Ethereum: Robust but Complex

  • Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is still the industry standard.
  • Solidity, Ethereum’s native language, dominates smart contract programming — but it has a steep learning curve.
  • Ethereum offers mature tooling: Truffle, Hardhat, Foundry, and Metamask, but requires gas optimization expertise and testing infrastructure.
  • Layer-2 solutions like Arbitrum and Optimism are gaining developer traction, but introduce additional complexity.

“Developing on Ethereum is powerful but not beginner-friendly,” notes Vitalik Buterin in a 2025 Devconnect interview.

🚀 Solana: Fast, Scalable, Developer-Friendly

  • Solana supports both Rust and C, which are high-performance languages.
  • With tools like Anchor Framework, Solana Playground, and Phantom Wallet, development has become faster and more secure.
  • Stateless architecture removes bottlenecks, and parallel execution enhances throughput.

Solana has seen rapid ecosystem growth in the following domains:

  • DeFi (e.g., Jupiter, Orca)
  • GameFi (e.g., Star Atlas, Aurory)
  • NFTs (e.g., Magic Eden, Tensor)
  • Payment systems (e.g., Solana Pay)

👨‍💻 Developer Ecosystem Comparison (2025)

AspectEthereumSolana
Primary LanguagesSolidity, VyperRust, C, Move (experimental)
ToolingTruffle, Hardhat, FoundryAnchor, Solana CLI, Solana Playground
Learning CurveModerate to HighModerate
Average Time to Deploy DApp7–14 days3–7 days
Incentives for DevelopersEthereum Foundation GrantsSolana Foundation + ecosystem-specific grants

🧠 Developer Sentiment in 2025

A recent survey by Electric Capital (2025) revealed:

  • Solana has seen a 31% year-on-year growth in active developers.
  • Ethereum’s dev growth plateaued due to competition from modular and alt-layer blockchains.

“Solana’s dev stack is getting as intuitive as Web2 tools,” says Raj Gokal, co-founder of Solana Labs.


🔹 Part 5: Speed and Scalability in Real-World Use Cases

One of the most crucial factors when evaluating a blockchain’s viability for mainstream adoption is its ability to scale without compromising speed. In this regard, Solana is positioned ahead of Ethereum as of 2025.

⚡ Solana: Designed for High Throughput

Solana’s architecture is built for speed:

  • Proof of History (PoH) combined with Tower BFT enables quick finality.
  • Solana regularly achieves 2,000–5,000 TPS (Transactions per Second) on-chain.
  • Average block time is 400ms, making transactions near-instant.
  • Supports parallel execution via Sealevel, allowing smart contracts to process simultaneously, unlike Ethereum’s sequential method.

🛠️ Ethereum: Scaling via Layer-2

Ethereum’s base layer still handles 15–30 TPS, which is too slow for global applications. To solve this:

  • Layer-2s like Arbitrum, Optimism, and zkSync handle most scaling.
  • While effective, they fragment liquidity and add UX friction.
  • Base layer congestion leads to spikes in gas fees during high usage.

“Ethereum will rely on rollups for scaling in the next few years,” stated Vitalik Buterin in his 2025 ETHGlobal keynote.

🧪 Real-World Performance Benchmarks (2025)

Performance MetricEthereum (L1)Solana
Average TPS (Transactions Per Second)15–302,000–5,000
Average Block Time12–15 seconds400–500 ms
Layer-2 DependencyHigh (Optimism, Arbitrum, zkSync)Minimal to None
Transaction Finality~60 seconds~5 seconds
Gas Fee Range (Typical)$0.50 – $30+$0.00025 – $0.01

🧭 Application Impact in 2025

CategorySolana-Based AppEthereum-Based Alternative
PaymentsSolana Pay (Under 1s)Loopring (2–10s w/ L2)
NFT MintingMagic EdenOpenSea (on L2)
GamingStar Atlas, AuroryImmutable X titles
TradingJupiter, Drift ProtocolUniswap, Sushiswap

Solana’s low latency and instant finality make it ideal for high-frequency trading, micro-payments, and mobile-first dApps, which are growing exponentially in 2025.

“Solana’s speed advantage is structural, not layered,” notes a 2025 report by Messari.


Solana vs Ethereum in Real-World Applications

Why It Matters in 2025

In 2025, blockchain technology is no longer just an experimental tool. It has entered mainstream industries like finance, gaming, NFTs, and logistics. While Ethereum remains a foundational player, Solana’s real-world usability is skyrocketing due to its speed, low cost, and scalable ecosystem. Let’s examine how they stack up in actual application areas.


Solana vs Ethereum Application Impact (2025)

Here’s a direct comparison of where Solana is overtaking Ethereum in terms of user adoption and application performance:

📊 Real-World Use Case Comparison

CategorySolana-Based AppEthereum-Based AlternativePerformance Notes
PaymentsSolana PayLoopringSolana completes transactions under 1s; Loopring relies on Layer 2 to compete.
NFT MarketplacesMagic EdenOpenSea (on L2)Magic Eden supports lightning-fast and cheap NFT minting.
Decentralized GamingStar Atlas, AuroryGods Unchained, IlluviumSolana games offer near-instant gameplay updates with minimal latency.
DeFi TradingJupiter, Drift ProtocolUniswap, SushiswapSolana handles thousands of trades per second with minimal fees.

📌 Key Highlights

  • Low Latency, High Throughput: Solana’s real-world apps benefit from faster consensus and low-latency execution, giving it a massive UX advantage.
  • Adoption by Builders: Developers are increasingly launching MVPs on Solana due to faster go-to-market times and lower infrastructure costs.
  • Investor Appeal: With real-world traction, Solana is gaining institutional trust. A16z, Multicoin Capital, and other VCs are investing heavily in Solana-backed projects.

🗣️ Expert Opinions

“We’ve shifted 80% of our gaming development focus from Ethereum to Solana due to technical efficiency and scalability.” — Paul Hsu, Decasonic

“Solana’s current trajectory reminds me of early Ethereum — but faster.” — Laura Shin, Crypto Journalist & Author


Part 6: Developer Ecosystem and Tooling: Solana vs Ethereum

A thriving blockchain isn’t just about speed or fees—it’s about the developer ecosystem, tooling, and community support. Ethereum has long held dominance in this space, but Solana is rapidly catching up in 2025, thanks to developer-friendly tools, robust grants, and ecosystem maturity.


🧠 Developer Experience Comparison

In 2025, Solana offers a much smoother onboarding experience for Web2 and Web3 developers alike, thanks to streamlined SDKs, active documentation support, and better grant incentives.

📊 Developer Tools & Ecosystem Comparison

FeatureSolanaEthereumDeveloper Advantage
Programming LanguageRust, C, Python (via Seahorse)Solidity, VyperSolana offers flexibility with modern, high-performance languages.
Tooling & SDKsAnchor, Solana CLI, Seahorse IDEHardhat, Truffle, FoundrySolana’s Anchor Framework simplifies smart contract development.
Documentation QualityComprehensive, beginner-focusedAdvanced, fragmentedSolana is more accessible for newcomers in 2025.
Grants & IncentivesSolana Foundation, Jump CryptoEthereum Foundation, GitcoinSolana offers faster approval and higher funding rates in 2025.

🔍 Key Observations

  • Anchor Framework has revolutionized Solana smart contract development. It’s analogous to what Hardhat and Foundry did for Ethereum.
  • Solana’s Rust-based programming attracts high-performance, system-level developers.
  • The Solana Hacker Houses in major cities (like NYC, London, and Dubai) have created vibrant in-person communities to support onboarding.

🧑‍💻 Expert Opinions

“The Anchor framework did to Solana what React did to frontend development. It made everything 10x faster.” — Raj Gokal, Co-founder of Solana Labs

“Ethereum remains robust for enterprise dApps, but Solana is winning with indie devs and new-age projects.” — Balaji Srinivasan, Angel Investor & Former CTO of Coinbase


Part 7: Solana’s Ecosystem Growth & Strategic Partnerships

🚀 The Rise of Solana’s Ecosystem in 2025

Solana has evolved into a multidimensional blockchain ecosystem. Its growth is no longer driven solely by DeFi or NFTs but by a broader integration of payments, gaming, social platforms, and real-world assets (RWAs). This diversification has enabled Solana to compete with and, in some areas, surpass Ethereum in usage and user engagement.


🤝 Strategic Partnerships: A Catalyst for Adoption

Solana’s partnerships across different sectors—ranging from Visa for stablecoin payments to Helium for decentralized wireless infrastructure—have positioned it as the go-to blockchain for scalable, consumer-facing applications.

📊 Key Solana Partnerships in 2025

PartnerSectorPurpose of PartnershipImpact on Solana
VisaFinance/PaymentsStablecoin settlements via USDC on SolanaMassive increase in real-time payment volume
Helium NetworkTelecom / IoTMigration to Solana for scalability and lower feesStrengthened decentralized wireless ecosystem
Render NetworkAI / RenderingGPU compute rendering on Solana blockchainBoosted Solana’s role in AI + blockchain integration
ShopifyE-commerceSolana Pay integration for real-time crypto paymentsAdoption among mainstream online retailers
Star AtlasGamingWeb3 MMORPG built entirely on SolanaPositioned Solana as a leader in GameFi

📈 Ecosystem Maturity vs Ethereum

While Ethereum continues to dominate enterprise-grade and regulatory-focused sectors, Solana’s agile ecosystem has rapidly onboarded retail users and real-world integrations. Notably, Solana’s low fees and fast finality make it better suited for microtransactions and everyday use cases.


📣 Community & Hackathons

Solana has hosted 100+ global hackathons in 2025, with themes like:

  • DePIN (Decentralized Physical Infrastructure)
  • Real-World Assets (RWAs)
  • AI x Blockchain
  • SocialFi apps

These events have attracted over 150,000 developers worldwide, according to the Solana Foundation Hackathon Portal.


🧠 Expert Commentary

“Solana’s ecosystem has become a powerhouse—faster adoption, real-world integration, and more focused innovation than Ethereum in 2025.” — Chris Burniske, Placeholder VC

“From finance to games, Solana is rapidly becoming the iOS of blockchain.” — Packy McCormick, Not Boring Newsletter


Part 8: Global Adoption & Community Localization

🌍 Solana’s Global Outreach Strategy

Solana’s 2025 strategy has placed a heavy emphasis on localization, not just in language but in product design, cultural partnerships, and grassroots developer initiatives. The goal is to make Solana the default blockchain for developers and users globally, from Lagos to Lisbon and from Mumbai to Miami.


🗣️ Local Language SDKs & Tooling

The Solana Foundation has introduced localized SDKs, documentation, and tooling in over 20 languages. This initiative has enabled developers in non-English speaking regions to build and deploy dApps natively, accelerating growth in underrepresented crypto markets.


🤝 Local Developer Hubs & Grants

Solana’s regional expansion has been backed by local grant programs, dev hubs, and startup accelerators.

📊 Regional Solana Developer Programs in 2025

RegionLocal Hub/ProgramKey InitiativeResult
Latin AmericaSolana LATAM Dev GuildMonthly developer workshops in Spanish10x increase in active builders in Brazil & Mexico
IndiaSolana India ProgramUniversity partnerships and Hindi SDK400+ student-built dApps in 2025
AfricaSolana Nairobi + Lagos NodeBlockchain training in Swahili & YorubaAdoption surge in Kenya and Nigeria
Southeast AsiaSolana SEA AccelerationStartup funding in Indonesia, Vietnam30+ funded crypto startups in 6 months
EuropeSolana EU CircuitHackathons & AI x Blockchain programsStrong traction in Germany, France, and Nordics

💬 Community-Led Growth

Solana’s community is not just global—it’s hyperlocal. Local Telegram groups, X (Twitter) spaces in native languages, and DAO-like structures have enabled bottom-up adoption where Ethereum still relies more on top-down developer alliances.


📢 Regional Campaigns & Cultural Integration

Solana’s marketing in 2025 includes campaigns tailored to local markets. Example:

  • India: Bollywood and IPL cricket sponsorships
  • LATAM: Collaborations with Reggaeton artists and mobile carriers
  • Africa: Crypto education via radio and local media

🎙️ Expert Insight

“Solana’s localization approach is what truly sets it apart—it understands the user isn’t always an English-speaking developer in Silicon Valley.” — Anatoly Yakovenko, Co-founder of Solana Labs


Part 9: Environmental Impact & Energy Efficiency

🌱 The Sustainability Race: Solana vs Ethereum

As blockchain networks face growing scrutiny from regulators and climate advocates, environmental sustainability has become a key differentiator.

Solana’s Proof-of-History (PoH) + Proof-of-Stake (PoS) hybrid model allows it to operate with significantly lower energy consumption compared to Ethereum’s PoS chain—even after Ethereum’s Merge in 2022.


⚡ Power Efficiency Breakdown

While Ethereum made major strides toward sustainability, Solana still leads in terms of transactions per watt due to its network architecture and validator optimization.

📊 Energy Efficiency Comparison (2025 Estimates)

BlockchainEnergy Per Transaction (kWh)Transactions per Second (TPS)CO₂ Emissions (per million txs)
Solana0.0005165,000+15 kg
Ethereum0.0230–100150 kg
Bitcoin (PoW)707~7800,000+ kg

♻️ Renewable Validator Infrastructure

Solana Foundation has been working with green energy partners to incentivize validators to use renewable sources. By mid-2025, more than 70% of Solana nodes are powered by carbon-neutral providers across the U.S., Europe, and Asia.


🔋 Solana’s Carbon Offset Program

In collaboration with ClimateTrade and Project Vesta, Solana has launched an automatic offset program based on real-time transaction activity. This initiative provides transparent reporting to enterprise partners and regulators.


🔍 Verified Quotes

“Solana is leading the way in sustainable blockchain infrastructure, setting the bar for other Layer-1 chains.”
Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF), 2025 Report

“With its ultra-low energy model, Solana is practically the Tesla of the blockchain world.”
Forbes Crypto 2025



Part 10: Institutional Confidence & Strategic Partnerships

🏦 Why Institutions Are Betting on Solana

In 2025, institutional backing has become one of the strongest indicators of a blockchain’s long-term stability and scalability. Solana has rapidly gained favor among hedge funds, fintech firms, and payment networks due to its speed, low transaction cost, and developer-friendly environment.


💼 Major Partnerships Boosting Solana’s Legitimacy

Solana’s growing list of high-profile collaborations signals strong market trust. From payment processors to global logistics, Solana has made inroads far beyond DeFi.

📊 Key Strategic Partners and Use Cases

PartnerIndustryUse CaseRegion
VisaPaymentsStablecoin-based cross-border settlementGlobal
ShopifyE-CommerceSolana Pay integration at checkoutUSA, Canada
Google CloudCloud InfrastructureValidator node hosting & RPC supportUSA, Europe
HeliumIoT & ConnectivityDecentralized 5G infrastructure powered by SolanaUSA

🔍 Crux from Trusted Reports

📘 Cambridge Blockchain Energy Report (2025)

“Solana demonstrates the lowest energy consumption per transaction among top 10 blockchains… making it a preferred candidate for ESG-compliant portfolios.”
Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, 2025 Blockchain Impact Index

🧠 World Economic Forum Whitepaper (2025)

“Solana’s hybrid architecture and vibrant dApp ecosystem present a viable route for financial decentralization, particularly in low-latency applications.”
WEF Report on Blockchain Adoption in Finance

💼 Fidelity Digital Assets 2025 Outlook

“Solana offers a compelling combination of performance and predictability that’s driving institutional confidence. Its staking economy and validator performance are strong enough to support asset tokenization at scale.”
Fidelity Blockchain Infrastructure Insights, Q1 2025


🧠 Expert Opinions

“Institutions aren’t just exploring Solana—they’re deploying capital and infrastructure at scale. This isn’t just hype anymore.”
Katie Haun, former a16z partner & CEO, Haun Ventures

“With traditional finance moving on-chain, Solana is doing what Ethereum promised but couldn’t scale fast enough to deliver.”
Raoul Pal, Real Vision


Solana x Visa Announcement – Visa.com:
Visa integrated USDC on Solana for cross-border transactions, citing faster settlement times and lower fees compared to Ethereum. This marked a shift in traditional finance preferences.

Solana on Shopify – Solana.com:
Solana Pay became an accepted checkout option on Shopify, allowing merchants to receive USDC with zero gas fees, instant confirmation, and global payment reach.

Google Cloud Blog: Solana Partnership:
Google Cloud announced it now hosts Solana validators and added RPC node access for developers, highlighting Solana’s technical reliability.


Part 11: Developer Ecosystem and dApp Innovation

🔧 Solana’s Developer Ecosystem in 2025

Solana has rapidly evolved into a developer-friendly blockchain, winning favor due to its scalability, ease of onboarding, and high throughput. By 2025, it boasts over 2,000 active monthly developers, a thriving hackathon culture, and ecosystem grants that fuel continuous innovation.


🌟 Highlights of Solana’s Developer Support

  • Rust and C-based SDKs: Solana’s low-level languages provide precision and speed.
  • Seamless tooling: Solana Foundation provides tools like Solana CLI, Anchor Framework, Solana Playground.
  • Frequent Hackathons: Programs like Grizzlython, Hyperdrive, and Ignition have birthed several top-tier dApps.

🧑‍💻 HTML Table: Top Solana Hackathon Projects in 2025

ProjectCategoryCore FeatureStatus
KaminoDeFiAutomated liquidity vaults with dynamic fee optimizationMainnet live
JupiterDEX AggregatorSmart routing for Solana token swapsMainnet live
MarginFiLendingUnified lending & borrowing across Solana protocolsMainnet live
ClockworkAutomationCron-like tasks & transaction schedulingAcquired by Solana Foundation

📚 Crux from Developer Reports

🧠 Electric Capital Developer Report 2025

“Solana has seen a 53% year-on-year growth in full-time developers, outperforming Ethereum in retention and developer satisfaction for low-latency applications.”

📘 Solana Foundation 2025 Ecosystem Grant Report

“Over $15 million in grants were disbursed in the first half of 2025, leading to the launch of 300+ new dApps and tooling libraries.”


🔬 Why Developers Prefer Solana

  • High TPS (Transactions Per Second): Real-world throughput above 65,000 TPS.
  • Low fees: < $0.001 average per transaction.
  • Growing standards: Anchor Framework simplifies program development like Hardhat does for Ethereum.

“Solana’s fast block finality and scalable parallel runtime let me do things I can’t imagine on Ethereum today.”
Lucas Watkins, Developer of Drift Protocol

“The network feels like Web2 with Web3 benefits. It’s what builders were waiting for.”
Jessica Ma, co-founder of PsyFi


Solana Hacker House & Dev Portal – solana.com:

Solana’s global “Hacker Houses” initiative has trained 10,000+ developers in 2024–2025. Online toolkits like Playground and Solana Cookbook accelerate time-to-build and enable rapid prototyping.

Electric Capital Developer Report 2025:

Solana has more new contributors in 2025 than any other L1, driven by “a real sense of velocity, better documentation, and strong community support.”


Part 12: Cross-Chain Compatibility and Future Interoperability

🌉 The New Multichain Reality

In 2025, blockchain is no longer a siloed ecosystem. Users, dApps, and assets are moving freely across chains. Interoperability has become a key metric for evaluating long-term viability — and Solana is stepping up aggressively.

While Ethereum started the movement with bridges and rollups, Solana is now carving its niche by embracing seamless Layer 1-to-Layer 1 connectivity, native asset swaps, and integration with emerging protocols like Wormhole, LayerZero, and Hyperlane.


🔗 Interoperability Key Points

  • Wormhole Protocol enables Solana assets to move across 20+ chains including Ethereum, BNB, Polygon, and Cosmos.
  • Solana has supported native USDC issuance across multiple chains via Circle’s Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP).
  • Projects like Tensor, Drift, and Jupiter allow cross-chain DeFi with minimal latency.
  • LayerZero partnership (2025) enables secure messaging and asset bridging to Ethereum, Arbitrum, and more.

🔁 Top Interoperability Projects on Solana (2025)

ProjectInteroperability RoleSupported ChainsStatus
WormholeGeneral-purpose bridgeEthereum, BNB, Cosmos, Avalanche, etc.Mainnet Active
LayerZeroOmnichain messaging & bridgingArbitrum, Ethereum, Aptos, SolanaLive Integration in Q2 2025
Circle CCTPUSDC cross-chain transfersEthereum, Avalanche, SolanaFully Deployed
Jupiter DEX AggregatorCross-chain token swapsSolana + bridged tokens (via Wormhole)Available via Wormhole Routes

📚 Crux from Developer & Interop Reports

🧠 Circle’s Q1 2025 CCTP Report:

“Solana leads in native USDC adoption and usage among L1s thanks to ultra-low fees and integration speed. Cross-chain transfers complete in under 30 seconds.”

🔎 Wormhole Ecosystem Report:

“Over $8 billion in bridged assets have flowed through Wormhole to and from Solana in the first half of 2025, with gaming and DeFi being the top use cases.”


🔍 Deep Dive: Solana vs Ethereum on Interoperability

FeatureSolanaEthereum
Native USDC SupportYes (Circle-issued)Yes (also Circle-issued)
Bridging InfrastructureWormhole, LayerZero, CCTPPolygon Bridge, Arbitrum, Optimism
Bridge Finality Time~20–30 seconds2–5 minutes (average)
Cost of Bridging< $0.01$5–$20 (gas-intensive)
Supported Chains20+ via WormholeMostly L2s and major L1s via custom bridges

📦 Cross-Chain Benefits for Solana Users

  • Speed: Near-instant transfers across chains.
  • Cost Efficiency: Massively cheaper than Ethereum bridges.
  • DeFi Liquidity: Access liquidity from multiple ecosystems through aggregators.
  • NFT Movement: Solana NFTs now trade across Ethereum and Polygon marketplaces.

Part 13: Solana’s Real-World Enterprise Adoption
From NFTs to Big Tech: How Solana Is Gaining Ground

🌍 Enterprise Use Cases Expanding Solana’s Credibility

Solana’s reputation as a high-performance Layer 1 blockchain has steadily moved beyond retail DeFi and NFT use. In 2025, it is becoming a strong candidate for real-world enterprise integration. Here are some key industries and corporations either experimenting with or actively deploying Solana-based solutions:


✅ Solana Enterprise Adoption Use Cases (2025)

IndustryEnterpriseApplication on SolanaImpact/Status (2025)
Social MediaTelegram x TON x Solana BridgeCross-chain NFT and token paymentsLive beta with 1M+ active users integrated
FinanceStripeOn-ramp and off-ramp for USDC on SolanaFully deployed in 40+ countries
eCommerceShopify merchants (via Solana Pay)Payment integration for faster checkoutOver 3000+ stores adopted it globally
GamingStar AtlasMetaverse + NFT economy built on SolanaMainnet experience launched; over 500k players
TelecomHelium Network (now on Solana)Incentivized decentralized 5G and LoRaWANExpanded to 3 continents using Solana tokens

🔎 Crux from Sources:

  • Stripe’s USDC Rollout on Solana: As per their press release, Stripe integrated Solana for faster and low-cost stablecoin transactions, particularly in Latin America and Southeast Asia. Stripe noted: “Solana enables us to provide merchants with near-zero cost settlement while offering finality in seconds.”
  • Helium Migration to Solana: Helium officially migrated its entire infrastructure to Solana to leverage faster block finality and scalability. The Helium Foundation said: “Solana offers Helium an unparalleled throughput layer that supports the future of decentralized wireless.”
  • Solana Pay on Shopify: In a February 2025 blog, Shopify highlighted the use of Solana Pay for crypto-native checkout flows, with the lowest transaction cost among all crypto payment plugins.
  • Star Atlas on Solana: The developers of Star Atlas emphasized that only Solana could handle the real-time microtransactions needed in metaverse gaming economies.

📢 Expert Opinion

“Solana’s traction with Web2 giants shows that it is no longer just a playground for crypto devs but a serious enterprise-grade infrastructure,” — Meltem Demirors, CSO at CoinShares.

Part 14: Developer Ecosystem and Community Growth
Why Builders Are Choosing Solana Over Ethereum in 2025

👨‍💻 Developer Activity: The Fuel Behind Solana’s Rise

A thriving blockchain needs more than users — it needs developers. In 2025, Solana’s developer ecosystem is seeing explosive growth, largely because of its:

  • Fast and cheap transactions (ideal for dev iteration)
  • Simplified Rust & C-based SDKs
  • Robust funding from Solana Foundation and partners
  • Growing open-source libraries and dApps

Let’s look at the key data:


✅ Solana vs Ethereum Developer Metrics (2025)

MetricSolanaEthereumCommentary
Monthly Active Developers25,000+29,000+Ethereum leads but gap has narrowed by 40%
New Developers (YTD)12,000+9,000+Solana has higher new dev acquisition rate
Hackathons (2024–25)28 global events16 global eventsSolana aggressively expanding dev support
GitHub Commits (monthly avg)5,100+6,000+Ethereum remains more mature in protocol-level commits
Foundation Grants Issued (USD)$67M+$54M+Solana Foundation investing aggressively

🔍 Crux from Verified Sources:

  • Electric Capital Developer Report (2025) notes: “Solana saw a 62% year-over-year growth in developer onboarding, the highest among major chains.”
  • Solana Hackathons (e.g., Hyperdrive, Grizzlython) saw record-breaking 8000+ dev submissions, most of them first-time crypto developers.
  • Solana Foundation Developer Fund increased to $100 million for 2024–2025 to foster dApps, tooling, and mobile-first apps.
  • Ethereum Foundation, while more conservative, is focusing on protocol R&D and zero-knowledge tech, investing in fewer but deeper grants.

🌍 Community Strength: Local and Global

Solana’s presence has become strong in developer and crypto communities through:

  • Solana Hacker Houses in 20+ countries
  • Discord channels with 350k+ developers
  • Localized Dev Resources (India, Vietnam, Nigeria, Brazil)
  • Meetups surpassing Ethereum in LATAM & SEA

✅ Solana vs Ethereum Community Expansion (2025)

RegionSolana Dev Events (2025)Ethereum Dev Events (2025)Community Penetration
India179Solana leads in Tier 2/3 cities
Nigeria84Solana supports grassroots developer bootcamps
Brazil106Solana partners with local universities
Vietnam147Solana dominates with mobile-focused projects
USA2830Ethereum retains slight edge in core developer meetups

🧠 Expert Perspective

“In 2025, the real battle isn’t just TPS — it’s developer mindshare. Solana is winning the hearts of young devs and mobile builders.”
Laura Shin, Crypto Journalist & Host of Unchained

Part 15: Security, Audits, and Resilience Track Record (2020–2025)
Why Solana’s Security Evolution is Gaining Institutional Trust


🔐 Security: From Criticism to Confidence

Solana’s early years were marred by network outages and skepticism around validator centralization. However, from 2023 onward, significant improvements in both protocol stability and security practices have emerged:

  • No major network outages since early 2023
  • Adoption of secure memory-safe Rust language
  • Multiple third-party audits (by firms like Kudelski Security, Trail of Bits)
  • Solana’s Firedancer validator client, built by Jump Crypto, enhances security through independent client architecture

✅ Security Comparison of Solana vs Ethereum (2020–2025)

Security FactorSolanaEthereumAnalysis
Language SafetyRust (memory safe)Solidity (prone to bugs)Solana offers a safer default for developers
Client Diversity2 (Solana Labs, Firedancer)5+ (Geth, Besu, Nethermind, etc.)Ethereum remains superior in client redundancy
Audit TransparencyQuarterly reports since 2023Extensive history of open-source auditsEthereum more mature, but Solana catching up fast
Downtime Incidents (2020–2025)5 total, none after Q1 20230 major chain haltsSolana improved, but still recovering reputation
Bug Bounty Size$1 million+$2 million+Both encourage ethical hacking

📝 Crux from Verified Reports

  • Cambridge Blockchain Resilience Index (2025 Update) notes: “Solana’s stability score improved from C+ in 2022 to A- in 2025 due to client diversification and improved validator uptime.”
  • Firedancer, Solana’s parallel validator client, reduces:
    • Risk of monolithic software failure
    • Validator bottlenecks
    • Increases TPS > 1 million in testnet, showing scaling + redundancy
  • Solana Foundation Bug Bounty Program:
    • Paid out over $7M in security disclosures since 2023
    • Encouraged white-hat activity and enhanced transparency

🔄 Key Infrastructure Upgrades

UpgradeImpactYear
Firedancer ValidatorIndependent, high-performance client2024 (beta), 2025 (mainnet)
QUIC Protocol IntegrationEnhances communication security2023
Agni Validator MetricsImproves validator health diagnostics2025
Proof of History v2Further optimized for precision timing2025

✅ Timeline of Solana’s Security Evolution

YearUpgradeSecurity Impact
2022Transition to QUIC ProtocolReduced congestion exploits, better DDoS resistance
2023No major outages reportedBoosted institutional trust and uptime metrics
2024Firedancer Client BetaIntroduced multiclient architecture for decentralization
2025Agni Validator & PoH v2Enhanced resilience and real-time consensus health

🔍 Expert Perspective

“Solana is no longer the unreliable chain of 2021. With Firedancer and consistent audits, it’s fast becoming a serious institutional-grade infrastructure.”
Chris Blec, Blockchain Security Analyst


✅ Part 16: Tokenomics, Inflation, and Staking Yield Comparison (Solana vs Ethereum)

In this part, we compare Solana and Ethereum based on tokenomics, inflation rates, staking yields, and economic incentives — critical factors for long-term investor confidence and blockchain sustainability.


💸 Tokenomics & Monetary Policy

Both Solana and Ethereum have different economic models that impact supply, staking, and long-term sustainability.

🔍 Overview of Tokenomics (2025)

AspectEthereum (ETH)Solana (SOL)
Token SupplyNo hard cap (~120M ETH), deflationary post-merge via EIP-1559Fixed initial supply (~508M), inflationary with decaying emission rate
Inflation Rate (2025)Approx. 0.5% to -1.0% (deflationary)Approx. 4.5%, decreasing annually by 15%
Annual Yield (Staking)3.5% – 4.5%7.5% – 8.5%
Validator Requirement32 ETH (~$110,000+)1 SOL minimum (~$160+), more scalable
Monetary Policy ControlCommunity driven (EIPs, core devs)Predetermined decaying inflation schedule

Recent data from Messari, Ultrasound.money, and Solana Compass shows:

  • Ethereum has become deflationary since The Merge (Sep 2022). Over 4 million ETH has been burned since EIP-1559 (as of Q1 2025).
  • Solana follows a structured inflation model starting at 8% annually (2020), decaying 15% yearly. By 2025, inflation is ~4.5%.

📊 Ethereum vs Solana: Inflation Curve (2018–2025)

YearEthereum Inflation RateSolana Inflation Rate
2018~7.4%N/A
2020~4.6%~8.0%
2022 (Post-Merge)~1.0% → Negative (due to ETH burn)~5.8%
2023~0.5% to -0.8%~5.0%
2025-0.7% (deflationary)~4.5%

🧠 Expert Opinions

“Solana’s high staking yield and structured inflation give it an edge for yield-focused investors, but Ethereum’s deflationary pressure supports long-term scarcity.”
Jameson Lopp, Bitcoin Security Expert

“Solana might be inflationary, but its token velocity and burning mechanisms during high usage balance that out effectively.”
Delphi Digital 2025 Q1 Report


🌍 Crux from Verified Sources:

  • Ultrasound.money: Tracks Ethereum’s burn and inflation → Ethereum is currently deflationary at -0.7% annualized rate due to EIP-1559 and high gas usage.
  • Solana Compass: Real-time staking APY and validator insights → Shows SOL staking APR between 7.8% and 8.5% depending on validator.

✅ Part 17: Ecosystem Support & Developer Growth — Solana vs Ethereum

The strength of a blockchain lies not only in its technology but in its developer activity, tooling ecosystem, community adoption, and grant support. In this section, we compare Solana and Ethereum’s ecosystem robustness and growth trajectory heading into 2025.


🔧 Developer Activity & Tooling Support

Both Solana and Ethereum have active developer ecosystems, but with different focuses:

AspectEthereumSolana
Active Monthly Developers (2025)~5,700+~2,300+
Languages UsedSolidity, Vyper, YulRust, C, C++, Python (via Anchor)
Development FrameworksTruffle, Hardhat, FoundryAnchor, Seahorse, Solana-CLI
Onboarding EaseHigh (many tutorials, EVM familiarity)Medium (Rust barrier, improving tooling)
Available SDKsMany (web3.js, ethers.js, Infura, Alchemy)Rapidly growing (Solana.js, Helius SDKs)

📈 Developer Growth Rate (Crux from Electric Capital Report 2024)

Electric Capital’s annual developer report (2024) shows:

  • Ethereum has the most developers in Web3 but saw a 6% YoY decline in part-time contributors.
  • Solana saw a +31% YoY growth in full-time developers, highest across non-EVM chains.
  • Post-FTX recovery, Solana regained trust via Hacker Houses, grants, and VC-backed accelerator programs.

🏗️ Ecosystem Funding & Grants

Support TypeEthereumSolana
Grants ProgramsEthereum Foundation Grants, Arbitrum DAO, Optimism RPGFSolana Foundation Grants, xJump DAO Grants
Hackathons (2024–2025)ETHGlobal (30+ events), Devcon, local chainsSolana Hacker Houses (40+), Solana Breakpoint
VC Involvementa16z, Paradigm, Coinbase VenturesMulticoin Capital, Solana Ventures, Jump Crypto
DAO Developer BountiesYes (Arbitrum, Optimism)Yes (Jito DAO, Helium DAO)

🧠 Developer Sentiment (2025 Surveys)

“Solana has become a developer darling again. Rust is hard, but the reward for speed and composability is worth it.”
2025 HackerRank Dev Survey

“Ethereum remains the backbone of DeFi, but developers are slowly diversifying into Solana and L2s to optimize performance.”
Bankless Developer Report 2025


🔗 External Sources (Crux Summary)

  1. Electric Capital Developer Report 2024:
    • Ethereum: ~5,700 monthly active devs
    • Solana: ~2,300, with highest YoY growth (+31%)
    • Growth attributed to Solana’s Hackathons and Rust education initiatives.
  2. Solana Foundation Blog (2025):
    • Over $50M allocated in developer grants in past 18 months.
    • Anchor Framework v2.0 launch simplified Rust development by 40%.
  3. Ethereum Foundation Grants Page:
    • Focused on ZK-rollups, protocol dev, L2s, and security audits.
    • Ongoing support for Ethereum core client teams (Geth, Besu, Nethermind).

✅ Part 18: Institutional Partnerships & Real-World Use Cases — Solana vs Ethereum

As we approach 2025, both Ethereum and Solana have significantly expanded their real-world integrations, thanks to growing institutional confidence and clearer regulations. This section outlines the adoption trajectories, strategic partnerships, and real-world applications that elevate each chain beyond speculative use.


🏦 Institutional Adoption: Solana vs Ethereum

CategoryEthereumSolana
CBDC PilotsEuropean Investment Bank, Banque de France (pilot on Ethereum)None officially announced
Enterprise IntegrationEY OpsChain, JPMorgan Onyx (Quorum), Baseline ProtocolVisa for USDC settlement on Solana; Shopify for payments via Solana Pay
Payment PartnershipsCircle, PayPal (USDC, PYUSD on Ethereum)Visa (USDC settlement), Worldpay, Phantom Pay
NFT Utility ExpansionPolygon + Starbucks, Reddit Avatars (via Ethereum L2s)Solana NFTs used in games (Star Atlas, Genopets), Phantom Wallet native support
GamingImmutable X (L2), Gala GamesSolana Mobile Stack, Helium Hotspot Gaming, xNFT integrations

🏛️ Key Real-World Use Cases (with Source Crux)

1. Visa x Solana (USDC Settlement)

  • Visa announced in Sep 2023 that it would settle USDC transactions on Solana.
  • This significantly reduced settlement latency from days to seconds.
  • Visa cited Solana’s high TPS (~65,000) and low fees (~$0.00025 per txn) as key advantages.
  • Crux from Visa Newsroom: “Solana offered the throughput and speed for real-time settlement of cross-border payments.”

2. Shopify + Solana Pay Integration (July 2023)

  • Shopify added Solana Pay as a checkout option.
  • Enables merchants to accept stablecoins like USDC directly on-chain.
  • Solana Pay offers instant finality and zero intermediary fees.

3. Ethereum CBDC and Banking Use

  • European Investment Bank issued €100M digital bonds on Ethereum (2021 & 2023).
  • Banque de France used Ethereum in CBDC experiments for cross-border remittances.
  • JPMorgan’s Onyx Network runs permissioned Ethereum for institutional DeFi.

🧠 Summary Analysis Table

BlockchainInstitutions Actively UsingFocus Areas2025 Outlook
EthereumJPMorgan, EY, PayPal, EIBCBDC, bond issuance, L2 payments, complianceRemain dominant for regulated DeFi and banking
SolanaVisa, Shopify, Phantom, WorldpayInstant settlement, retail payments, NFTs, gamingStrong growth in payments and consumer-facing apps

🔗 External Source Crux Summary

  1. Visa USDC Announcement (Sep 2023) “Visa now settles USDC on Solana to support real-time payment infrastructure. Lower costs and instant throughput were the deciding factors.”
    Visa Official Blog
  2. Shopify Blog (2023) “Merchants on Shopify can now accept USDC through Solana Pay—an open, instant, and decentralized payment rail.”
  3. European Investment Bank “Ethereum’s transparency and security make it ideal for issuing digital bonds and programmable money.”

✅ Part 19: Community Culture & Web3 Ethos — Solana vs Ethereum

One of the most critical—and often overlooked—factors when choosing a blockchain platform is its community ethos, cultural direction, and alignment with the Web3 vision. In this section, we evaluate how Ethereum and Solana differ in philosophy, decentralization values, innovation style, and community behavior, which strongly influence long-term developer engagement and user trust.


🧬 Community Culture Comparison

AspectEthereumSolana
Core Philosophy“Decentralize everything”, heavy focus on self-sovereignty, censorship resistance“Speed, scale, usability” with performance-driven decentralization
Founding EthosVitalik Buterin’s vision of open-source programmable moneyAnatoly Yakovenko’s background in telecom led to a focus on hardware-level optimization
Community GovernanceRobust proposal system (EIP), active on-chain DAO toolingEarly-stage DAO ecosystem, governance growing via Realms and SPL tools
Event CultureDevcon, ETHGlobal, HackMoney – hackathon-first, grassrootsBreakpoint, Solana Hacker Houses – performance and product-centric
Influencer PresenceVitalik, Bankless, ETH Research contributorsRaj Gokal, Solana Labs, Austin Federa, Jump Crypto

🌐 Web3 Alignment: Decentralization vs Performance

CriteriaEthereumSolana
Node Count10,000+ (Globally distributed)~3,000 (Higher hardware requirements)
Decentralization PhilosophyMaximum decentralization, low entryOptimized for performance over pure decentralization
Validator Hardware NeedsLow-to-MediumHigh (CPU/GPU intensive)
Block Propagation Speed12 seconds (Post-Merge)400 milliseconds
Throughput vs TrustlessnessTrustless & slowerFaster but more centralized risk

🔍 Crux from Key Community Sources

  1. Vitalik Buterin’s 2023 blog on decentralization: “Ethereum’s long-term resilience depends on its ability to empower individuals and communities to participate in core infrastructure decisions, not just financial returns.”
  2. Solana Foundation’s community blog 2024: “We believe Web3 needs to be fast, fun, and frictionless. Solana’s mission is to enable global-scale dApps for 1 billion people—not just coders.”
  3. ETHGlobal Hackathons Report:
    • Over 5,000+ developers across 40+ countries participate annually.
    • Hackathons focus on ZK, modularity, Layer 2 innovation.
  4. Breakpoint 2023 Stats:
    • Featured Solana Mobile, Firedancer, NFT gaming, and DePIN (Helium) integrations.
    • 3x increase in Solana developer signups post-event.

🧭 Web3 Culture & Alignment

DimensionEthereumSolana
Developer CommunityLarger, ideologically drivenGrowing, product-first mindset
Governance ApproachDemocratic, decentralized via DAOsFoundation-centric, evolving DAOs
Community EventsHackathons, zkSummits, DevconBreakpoint, Hacker Houses
Ideological LeaningLibertarian-crypto-nativePragmatic, performance-focused
Web3 Alignment Score (2025)9.5 / 108 / 10

✅ Part 20: Long-Term Developer Retention & Ecosystem Vitality — Solana vs Ethereum

One of the best indicators of a blockchain’s long-term viability is how well it retains and grows its developer base. A vibrant developer ecosystem drives continuous innovation, protocol upgrades, app development, and community trust. This section compares Solana and Ethereum in terms of long-term developer retention, available tooling, funding, and overall ecosystem momentum.


👨‍💻 Active Developer Comparison

MetricEthereumSolana
Monthly Active Developers (2024)5,769925
Monthly Core Protocol Developers420+110+
Tooling MaturityVery High (Hardhat, Foundry, Ethers.js)Medium (Anchor, Solana CLI, Seahorse)
Learning CurveModerate to HighHigh (Rust is challenging)
Documentation DepthExtensive (OpenZeppelin, EIPs)Improving (Solana Docs, Anchor Book)

Source: Electric Capital Developer Report 2024

💡 Crux of Electric Capital Report (2024):

  • Ethereum retains over 30% of all Web3 developers long-term.
  • Solana grew its full-time dev count by 33% YoY in 2024.
  • Solidity remains the top choice, but Rust devs on Solana earn 40% more on average due to demand.

🚀 Ecosystem Momentum & Funding

Funding SourceEthereumSolana
Protocol Foundation GrantsEthereum Foundation, EF Ecosystem Support ProgramSolana Foundation, Jump Crypto, Solana Labs
Startup Funding EcosystemConsensys, a16z Crypto, ParadigmMulticoin Capital, Solana Ventures, Lightspeed
Accelerators & HackathonsETHGlobal, Gitcoin, DevfolioSolana Hacker House, Breakpoint Hackathons
Developer Retention (Avg. > 1 year)65%48%

🧠 Tooling & Language Support

Tooling AspectEthereumSolana
Primary LanguageSolidity, VyperRust, C, Python (via Seahorse)
Popular FrameworksHardhat, Truffle, FoundryAnchor, Seahorse, Solana CLI
Smart Contract VerificationEtherscan + SourcifySolana Explorer + External Tools
Simulators & DebuggersFoundry (Forge), Remix IDESolana Playground, Anchor Debugger
On-chain Interop ToolsEthers.js, Web3.js, WagmiSolana.js, Web3.js (Solana fork)

🎯 Developer Focus Summary

CategoryEthereumSolana
Long-term Developer RetentionExcellent (Strong EIP & Gitcoin system)Improving, still maturing
Dev Earnings PotentialMedium-HighHigh (Rust premium)
Onboarding ToolsWell-documented, community-drivenRapidly expanding (Anchor Book, Solana U)
Developer Satisfaction (2025 Projections)9.2 / 108.4 / 10

Part 21: Final Verdict – Why Solana May Outshine Ethereum in 2025

As we step into 2025, Solana’s rapid evolution in performance, user experience, and ecosystem tooling positions it as a formidable contender — not just to coexist with Ethereum, but to potentially lead in consumer-grade Web3 adoption.

While Ethereum continues to dominate institutional-grade DeFi and retains unmatched decentralization, Solana’s laser-focus on speed, scalability, and mobile-first experiences makes it the top choice for:

  • Retail Apps & NFTs: Ultra-low fees and real-time responsiveness are ideal for gaming, ticketing, and microtransactions.
  • Developers: With frameworks like Anchor and Rust’s performance efficiency, dev onboarding is accelerating.
  • Global Expansion: Solana’s mobile initiatives (like the Saga phone) and local validator incentives appeal to underserved markets.

🧮 Comparative Summary Table

FactorEthereumSolana
Transaction Speed~12 seconds (post-Merge)~400 milliseconds
ScalabilityRollups-dependent (modular)Monolithic scaling, up to 65K TPS
FeesOften >$1Fraction of a cent
App FocusFinance, DAOs, NFTsMobile apps, Gaming, Global adoption
Developer TrendStable with high retentionFast-growing, Rust-friendly

📌 Conclusion:

Solana’s performance-driven ecosystem does not try to beat Ethereum at its own game. Instead, it opens new doors—delivering crypto to the next billion users who expect apps that are fast, seamless, and mobile-native.

📢 For builders targeting Web3 mass adoption in 2025, Solana may be the blockchain of choice.



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